The subject areas covered include classical and quantum many-body problems, thermodynamics, electromagnetism, magnetic monopoles, special relativity, gauge field theories, general relativity, superconductivity, vortices and other topological solitons, and canonical quantization of fields, for which knowledge and use of linear and nonlinear differential equations are essential for comprehension. Much emphasis is given to the mathematical and physical content offering an appreciation of the interplay of mathematics and theoretical physics from the viewpoint of differential equations. Advanced methods and techniques of modern nonlinear functional analysis are kept to a minimum and each chapter is supplemented with a collection of exercises of varied depths making it an ideal resource for students and researchers alike.