FreeMarker template error: The following has evaluated to null or missing: ==> [in template "component://snj2/template/catalog/ProductDetail.ftl" at line 389, column 19] ---- Tip: It's the step after the last dot that caused this error, not those before it. ---- Tip: If the failing expression is known to be legally refer to something that's sometimes null or missing, either specify a default value like myOptionalVar!myDefault, or use <#if myOptionalVar??>when-present<#else>when-missing</#if>. (These only cover the last step of the expression; to cover the whole expression, use parenthesis: (myOptionalVar.foo)!myDefault, (myOptionalVar.foo)?? ---- ---- FTL stack trace ("~" means nesting-related): - Failed at: #if (product.originalImageUrl?string?... [in template "component://snj2/template/catalog/ProductDetail.ftl" at line 389, column 13] ---- Java stack trace (for programmers): ---- freemarker.core.InvalidReferenceException: [... Exception message was already printed; see it above ...] at freemarker.core.InvalidReferenceException.getInstance(InvalidReferenceException.java:134) at freemarker.core.UnexpectedTypeException.newDesciptionBuilder(UnexpectedTypeException.java:80) at freemarker.core.UnexpectedTypeException.<init>(UnexpectedTypeException.java:43) at freemarker.core.BuiltInsForMultipleTypes$stringBI._eval(BuiltInsForMultipleTypes.java:709) at freemarker.core.Expression.eval(Expression.java:81) at freemarker.core.ExistenceBuiltins$ExistenceBuiltIn.evalMaybeNonexistentTarget(ExistenceBuiltins.java:52) at freemarker.core.ExistenceBuiltins$has_contentBI._eval(ExistenceBuiltins.java:112) at freemarker.core.ExistenceBuiltins$has_contentBI.evalToBoolean(ExistenceBuiltins.java:119) at freemarker.core.AndExpression.evalToBoolean(AndExpression.java:36) at freemarker.core.ParentheticalExpression.evalToBoolean(ParentheticalExpression.java:35) at freemarker.core.IfBlock.accept(IfBlock.java:49) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:326) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:332) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:332) at freemarker.core.Environment.process(Environment.java:305) at org.apache.ofbiz.base.util.template.FreeMarkerWorker.renderTemplate(FreeMarkerWorker.java:263) at org.apache.ofbiz.widget.model.HtmlWidget.renderHtmlTemplate(HtmlWidget.java:167) at org.apache.ofbiz.widget.model.HtmlWidget$HtmlTemplate.renderWidgetString(HtmlWidget.java:216) at org.apache.ofbiz.widget.model.HtmlWidget.renderWidgetString(HtmlWidget.java:140) at org.apache.ofbiz.widget.model.ModelScreenWidget$PlatformSpecific.renderWidgetString(ModelScreenWidget.java:1321) at org.apache.ofbiz.widget.model.ModelScreenWidget.renderSubWidgetsString(ModelScreenWidget.java:98) at org.apache.ofbiz.widget.model.ModelScreenWidget$Section.renderWidgetString(ModelScreenWidget.java:280) at org.apache.ofbiz.widget.model.ModelScreen.renderScreenString(ModelScreen.java:164) at org.apache.ofbiz.widget.model.ScreenFactory.renderReferencedScreen(ScreenFactory.java:214) at org.apache.ofbiz.widget.model.ModelScreenWidget$IncludeScreen.renderWidgetString(ModelScreenWidget.java:780) at org.apache.ofbiz.widget.model.ModelScreenWidget.renderSubWidgetsString(ModelScreenWidget.java:98) at org.apache.ofbiz.widget.model.ModelScreenWidget$Section.renderWidgetString(ModelScreenWidget.java:280) at org.apache.ofbiz.widget.model.ModelScreenWidget.renderSubWidgetsString(ModelScreenWidget.java:98) at org.apache.ofbiz.widget.model.ModelScreenWidget$DecoratorSection.renderWidgetString(ModelScreenWidget.java:906) at org.apache.ofbiz.widget.model.ModelScreenWidget$SectionsRenderer.render(ModelScreenWidget.java:127) at org.apache.ofbiz.widget.model.ModelScreenWidget$DecoratorSectionInclude.renderWidgetString(ModelScreenWidget.java:943) at org.apache.ofbiz.widget.model.ModelScreenWidget.renderSubWidgetsString(ModelScreenWidget.java:98) at org.apache.ofbiz.widget.model.ModelScreenWidget$Section.renderWidgetString(ModelScreenWidget.java:280) at org.apache.ofbiz.widget.model.ModelScreenWidget.renderSubWidgetsString(ModelScreenWidget.java:98) at org.apache.ofbiz.widget.model.ModelScreenWidget$Section.renderWidgetString(ModelScreenWidget.java:280) at org.apache.ofbiz.widget.model.ModelScreen.renderScreenString(ModelScreen.java:164) at org.apache.ofbiz.widget.model.ScreenFactory.renderReferencedScreen(ScreenFactory.java:214) at org.apache.ofbiz.widget.model.ModelScreenWidget$DecoratorScreen.renderWidgetString(ModelScreenWidget.java:860) at org.apache.ofbiz.widget.model.ModelScreenWidget.renderSubWidgetsString(ModelScreenWidget.java:98) at org.apache.ofbiz.widget.model.ModelScreenWidget$Section.renderWidgetString(ModelScreenWidget.java:280) at org.apache.ofbiz.widget.model.ModelScreen.renderScreenString(ModelScreen.java:164) at org.apache.ofbiz.widget.renderer.ScreenRenderer.render(ScreenRenderer.java:136) at org.apache.ofbiz.widget.renderer.ScreenRenderer.render(ScreenRenderer.java:98) at org.apache.ofbiz.widget.renderer.macro.MacroScreenViewHandler.render(MacroScreenViewHandler.java:157) at org.apache.ofbiz.webapp.control.RequestHandler.renderView(RequestHandler.java:1001) at org.apache.ofbiz.webapp.control.RequestHandler.doRequest(RequestHandler.java:653) at org.apache.ofbiz.webapp.control.ControlServlet.doGet(ControlServlet.java:213) at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:687) at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:790) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:292) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:207) at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:52) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:240) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:207) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.invoke(ApplicationDispatcher.java:720) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.processRequest(ApplicationDispatcher.java:466) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.doForward(ApplicationDispatcher.java:391) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.forward(ApplicationDispatcher.java:318) at org.apache.ofbiz.product.category.CatalogUrlServlet.doGet(CatalogUrlServlet.java:153) at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:687) at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:790) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:292) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:207) at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:52) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:240) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:207) at org.apache.ofbiz.webapp.control.ContextFilter.doFilter(ContextFilter.java:324) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:240) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:207) at org.apache.ofbiz.content.content.ContentUrlFilter.doFilter(ContentUrlFilter.java:99) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:240) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:207) at org.apache.ofbiz.product.category.CatalogUrlFilter.doFilter(CatalogUrlFilter.java:338) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:240) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:207) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:212) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:106) at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:502) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:141) at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:79) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:88) at org.apache.catalina.valves.AbstractAccessLogValve.invoke(AbstractAccessLogValve.java:616) at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:528) at org.apache.coyote.ajp.AbstractAjpProcessor.process(AbstractAjpProcessor.java:873) at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$AbstractConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:670) at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1520) at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.run(NioEndpoint.java:1476) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624) at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
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Understanding Regulation 2nd edition

by Robert Baldwin, Martin Cave, Martin Lodge

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Description

Regulation is a key concern of industries, consumers, citizens, and governments alike. Building on the success of the first edition, Understanding Regulation, Second Edition provides the reader with an introduction to key debates and discussions in the field of regulation from a number of disciplinary perspectives, looking towards law, economics, business, political science, sociology, and social administration. The book has been extensively revised and updated to take into account the significant developments and events of the past decade. Containing several new chapters, it has been completely restructured into seven parts, covering: the fundamental issues regarding regulation; different types of regulatory strategies; rules and enforcement; quality and evaluation; regulation at different levels of government; network issues; and concluding thoughts.Drawing on cross-sectoral and cross-national examples, this book reviews the central questions of regulation, and reflects upon those contentious issues that affect the design and operation of regulatory institutions. Amongst other topics, it discusses "better regulation," enforcement, self-regulation, risk regulation, cost-benefit analysis, and more utility regulation-oriented topics, such as price-setting. It will be an essential resource for academics, researchers, and graduates across the social sciences studying regulation.

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  • Oxford University Press, Brand
  • 9780199576098 ISBN-13:
  • 0199576092 ISBN-10:
  • 0199576092 ISBN-10
  • 9780199576098 ISBN-13
  • New Condition
  • Hardback Media
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  • 1.18 in * 6.26 in * 9.25 in Dimensions:
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