Ad-Hoc Networking (2006)

Position-based routing was originally developed for packet radio networks in the 1980s [6]. It received renewed interest during the last few years as a method for routing in mobile wireless ad hoc and sensor networks [1, 2, 4]. The general idea of is to select the next hop based on position information such that the packet is forwarded in the geographical direction of the destination. Position-based routing can be divided into two main components: the location service and position-based forwarding. The location service [5, 13] is used for mapping the unique identifier (for example an IP address) of a node to its geographical position. In mobile ad hoc networks, providing accurate location service for position based routing, with low communication overhead, appears to be more difficult task than routing itself [13]. In case of sensor networks, however, destination is a sink or base station whose position is made available to source sensors by flooding. Position-based forwarding is performed by a node to select one of its neighbors as the next hop the packet should be forwarded to. Usually, the following information is required for the forwarding decision: the node's own geographical position, the position of all neighbors within transmission range and the position of the destination. Based on this information, the forwarding node selects one of its neighbors as the next hop such that the packet makes progress toward the geographical position of the destination.