Brainstem: Volume 216

This volume on Brainstem consolidates research for a complete understanding of the anatomy and physiology of the Brainstem and how it affects assorted other systems in the body. The brainstem impacts breathing, the gastrointestinal system, the cardiac system, mood, pain, wakefulness, consciousness, and sleep. Pathologies can impact vision, motor control, hearing, balance, blood supply and is particularly involved in neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's. The volume discusses how the brainstem operates in full health, pathologies associated with the brainstem and their impact, methods for monitoring brainstem function, and diagnosis and treatment of brainstem disorders. Monitoring and intervention is reliant on technologies to assess function. This volume will include CT, MRI, USG, angiography, BERA, and functional imaging.