FreeMarker template error: The following has evaluated to null or missing: ==> [in template "component://snj2/template/catalog/ProductDetail.ftl" at line 389, column 19] ---- Tip: It's the step after the last dot that caused this error, not those before it. ---- Tip: If the failing expression is known to be legally refer to something that's sometimes null or missing, either specify a default value like myOptionalVar!myDefault, or use <#if myOptionalVar??>when-present<#else>when-missing</#if>. (These only cover the last step of the expression; to cover the whole expression, use parenthesis: (myOptionalVar.foo)!myDefault, (myOptionalVar.foo)?? ---- ---- FTL stack trace ("~" means nesting-related): - Failed at: #if (product.originalImageUrl?string?... [in template "component://snj2/template/catalog/ProductDetail.ftl" at line 389, column 13] ---- Java stack trace (for programmers): ---- freemarker.core.InvalidReferenceException: [... Exception message was already printed; see it above ...] at freemarker.core.InvalidReferenceException.getInstance(InvalidReferenceException.java:134) at freemarker.core.UnexpectedTypeException.newDesciptionBuilder(UnexpectedTypeException.java:80) at freemarker.core.UnexpectedTypeException.<init>(UnexpectedTypeException.java:43) at freemarker.core.BuiltInsForMultipleTypes$stringBI._eval(BuiltInsForMultipleTypes.java:709) at freemarker.core.Expression.eval(Expression.java:81) at freemarker.core.ExistenceBuiltins$ExistenceBuiltIn.evalMaybeNonexistentTarget(ExistenceBuiltins.java:52) at freemarker.core.ExistenceBuiltins$has_contentBI._eval(ExistenceBuiltins.java:112) at freemarker.core.ExistenceBuiltins$has_contentBI.evalToBoolean(ExistenceBuiltins.java:119) at freemarker.core.AndExpression.evalToBoolean(AndExpression.java:36) at freemarker.core.ParentheticalExpression.evalToBoolean(ParentheticalExpression.java:35) at freemarker.core.IfBlock.accept(IfBlock.java:49) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:326) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:332) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:332) at freemarker.core.Environment.process(Environment.java:305) at org.apache.ofbiz.base.util.template.FreeMarkerWorker.renderTemplate(FreeMarkerWorker.java:263) at org.apache.ofbiz.widget.model.HtmlWidget.renderHtmlTemplate(HtmlWidget.java:167) at org.apache.ofbiz.widget.model.HtmlWidget$HtmlTemplate.renderWidgetString(HtmlWidget.java:216) at org.apache.ofbiz.widget.model.HtmlWidget.renderWidgetString(HtmlWidget.java:140) at org.apache.ofbiz.widget.model.ModelScreenWidget$PlatformSpecific.renderWidgetString(ModelScreenWidget.java:1321) at org.apache.ofbiz.widget.model.ModelScreenWidget.renderSubWidgetsString(ModelScreenWidget.java:98) at org.apache.ofbiz.widget.model.ModelScreenWidget$Section.renderWidgetString(ModelScreenWidget.java:280) at org.apache.ofbiz.widget.model.ModelScreen.renderScreenString(ModelScreen.java:164) at org.apache.ofbiz.widget.model.ScreenFactory.renderReferencedScreen(ScreenFactory.java:214) at org.apache.ofbiz.widget.model.ModelScreenWidget$IncludeScreen.renderWidgetString(ModelScreenWidget.java:780) at org.apache.ofbiz.widget.model.ModelScreenWidget.renderSubWidgetsString(ModelScreenWidget.java:98) at org.apache.ofbiz.widget.model.ModelScreenWidget$Section.renderWidgetString(ModelScreenWidget.java:280) at org.apache.ofbiz.widget.model.ModelScreenWidget.renderSubWidgetsString(ModelScreenWidget.java:98) at org.apache.ofbiz.widget.model.ModelScreenWidget$DecoratorSection.renderWidgetString(ModelScreenWidget.java:906) at org.apache.ofbiz.widget.model.ModelScreenWidget$SectionsRenderer.render(ModelScreenWidget.java:127) at org.apache.ofbiz.widget.model.ModelScreenWidget$DecoratorSectionInclude.renderWidgetString(ModelScreenWidget.java:943) at org.apache.ofbiz.widget.model.ModelScreenWidget.renderSubWidgetsString(ModelScreenWidget.java:98) at org.apache.ofbiz.widget.model.ModelScreenWidget$Section.renderWidgetString(ModelScreenWidget.java:280) at org.apache.ofbiz.widget.model.ModelScreenWidget.renderSubWidgetsString(ModelScreenWidget.java:98) at org.apache.ofbiz.widget.model.ModelScreenWidget$Section.renderWidgetString(ModelScreenWidget.java:280) at org.apache.ofbiz.widget.model.ModelScreen.renderScreenString(ModelScreen.java:164) at org.apache.ofbiz.widget.model.ScreenFactory.renderReferencedScreen(ScreenFactory.java:214) at org.apache.ofbiz.widget.model.ModelScreenWidget$DecoratorScreen.renderWidgetString(ModelScreenWidget.java:860) at org.apache.ofbiz.widget.model.ModelScreenWidget.renderSubWidgetsString(ModelScreenWidget.java:98) at org.apache.ofbiz.widget.model.ModelScreenWidget$Section.renderWidgetString(ModelScreenWidget.java:280) at org.apache.ofbiz.widget.model.ModelScreen.renderScreenString(ModelScreen.java:164) at org.apache.ofbiz.widget.renderer.ScreenRenderer.render(ScreenRenderer.java:136) at org.apache.ofbiz.widget.renderer.ScreenRenderer.render(ScreenRenderer.java:98) at org.apache.ofbiz.widget.renderer.macro.MacroScreenViewHandler.render(MacroScreenViewHandler.java:157) at org.apache.ofbiz.webapp.control.RequestHandler.renderView(RequestHandler.java:1001) at org.apache.ofbiz.webapp.control.RequestHandler.doRequest(RequestHandler.java:653) at org.apache.ofbiz.webapp.control.ControlServlet.doGet(ControlServlet.java:213) at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:687) at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:790) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:292) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:207) at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:52) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:240) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:207) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.invoke(ApplicationDispatcher.java:720) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.processRequest(ApplicationDispatcher.java:466) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.doForward(ApplicationDispatcher.java:391) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.forward(ApplicationDispatcher.java:318) at org.apache.ofbiz.product.category.CatalogUrlServlet.doGet(CatalogUrlServlet.java:153) at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:687) at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:790) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:292) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:207) at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:52) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:240) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:207) at org.apache.ofbiz.webapp.control.ContextFilter.doFilter(ContextFilter.java:324) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:240) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:207) at org.apache.ofbiz.content.content.ContentUrlFilter.doFilter(ContentUrlFilter.java:99) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:240) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:207) at org.apache.ofbiz.product.category.CatalogUrlFilter.doFilter(CatalogUrlFilter.java:338) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:240) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:207) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:212) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:106) at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:502) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:141) at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:79) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:88) at org.apache.catalina.valves.AbstractAccessLogValve.invoke(AbstractAccessLogValve.java:616) at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:528) at org.apache.coyote.ajp.AbstractAjpProcessor.process(AbstractAjpProcessor.java:873) at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$AbstractConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:670) at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1520) at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.run(NioEndpoint.java:1476) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624) at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
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The artist's complete guide to drawing the head

by William L. Maughan

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Description

In this innovative guide, master art instructor William Maughan demonstrates how to create a realistic human likeness by using the classic and highly accurate modeling technique of chiaroscuro (Italian for “light and dark”) developed by Leonardo da Vinci during the High Renaissance. Maughan first introduces readers to the basics of this centuries-old technique, showing how to analyze form, light, and shadow; use dark pencil, white pencil, and toned paper to create a full range of values; use the elements of design to enhance a likeness; and capture a sitter’s gestures and proportions. He then demonstrates, step by step, how to draw each facial feature, develop visual awareness, and render the head in color with soft pastels.

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Product Details

  • Watson-Guptill Brand
  • 9780823003594 ISBN-13:
  • 0823003590 ISBN-10:
  • 0823003590 ISBN-10
  • 9780823003594 ISBN-13
  • New Condition
  • Hardback Media
  • 5 business days Generally Ships in
  • 8.51 in * 0.34 in * 10.98 in Dimensions:
  • 1 lb Weight: