Digital Twin Adoption and BIM-GIS Implementation

The <i>Concise Encyclopedia of Modelling & Simulation</i> contains 172 alphabetically arranged articles describing the modelling and simulation of physical systems. The emphasis is on mathematical models and their various forms, although other types of models, such as knowledge-based, linguistics-based, graphical and data-based, are also discussed. The articles are revised from the <i>Systems & Control Encyclopedia</i>, and many newly commissioned articles are included describing recent developments in the field. Articles on identification cover all aspects of this problem, from the use and choice of specific test signals to problems of model order and the many algorithms and approaches to parameter estimation. Computational techniques, such as the finite-element method, that play an important role in analyzing nonlinear models are covered. Articles outline the development of simulation, consider currently available simulation languages, describe applications and cover current developments in the area. Where appropriate, illustrations and tables are included to clarify particular topics. This encyclopedia will be a valuable reference source for all practising engineers, researchers and postgraduate students in the field of modelling and simulation.<br>

Baranoski, Gladimir V G

Lenhard, Johannes

Turkle, Sherry

Krapp, Peter

This interdisciplinary guide explores various types of modeling methods available for dynamical systems. It begins with the general concepts, representations, and philosophy of dynamic models, followed by a section on modeling methodologies that explains how to portray designed models on a computer. After addressing scale, heterogeneity, and composition issues, the handbook covers specific model types that are often characterized by specific visual- or text-based grammars. It concludes with case studies that employ Modelica and Simulink(R) to construct, simulate, and analyze dynamic models. Each chapter includes mathematical descriptions, pseudocode, and diagrams.