This book provides a critical analysis of the targets and objectives of The African Renaissance project as articulated by former South African President Thabo Mbeki. The work is divided into five chapters: South Africa before and since 1994; invaluable lessons for the African Renaissance project; targets and objectives of the African Renaissance as articulated by Thabo Mbeki; the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) as the litmus test for the African Renaissance; the DRC as the strategic heart of the African continental transformation; the African Renaissance Project: key issues, processes and developments. It provides a critical analysis of the South African socio-historical roots and targets in these issues, processes and developments of the African Renaissance project. The book has a conclusion and recommendations.