Natural Hydrogen: Geological Formation, Accumulation, and Resource Potential for a Low Carbon Future

Natural hydrogen (H₂) holds significant promise as a clean and renewable energy source that helps achieve a net-zero carbon future. However, the study of natural hydrogen reservoirs (NHRs) remains in its early stages, limiting their exploration and development. This book provides a comprehensive review of NHRs, including their geological occurrence environments, formation mechanisms, enrichment processes, advanced exploration and production technologies, and influencing factors. Although high concentrations of natural hydrogen have been identified globally, only the Bourakebougou hydrogen field in Mali has reached commercial production. This book outlines the current understanding of natural hydrogen systems, highlighting recent advancements, key challenges, and prospects for future energy supply. It provides a systematic examination of geological origin, accumulation, and preservation conditions of natural hydrogen, along with reservoir-forming processes, global distribution patterns, detection technologies, and future outlook. To unlock the full potential of NHRs, continued progress in geological exploration, detection, and extraction technologies is essential, along with a deeper understanding of hydrogen genesis and trapping mechanisms. Future research should focus on improving the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of hydrogen recovery, enhancing storage and transport solutions, and ensuring environmental and operational safety. Achieving a sustainable, hydrogen-powered future requires an interdisciplinary approach, integrating insights from geology, geoscience, engineering, and policy. This book aims to serve as a valuable reference for researchers, industry professionals, and decision-makers committed to advancing this emerging field of clean energy.