Arctic Basin: Results from the Russian Drifting Stations (2005)

Theareanorthwardof50 N. Source: AMAP(2003). EstablishmentinMay,1937, ofthe?rstdrifting'NorthPole-1'(NP-1)stationin the Arctic Ocean and organization of the ?rst 'Sever' airborne high-latidudinal expedition(AHE)continuedtheSecondIPYinthestudyoftheArctic.Theexpe- ence of these expeditions convincingly proved the possibility of organizing and conducting(directlyfromtheice)long-termcomplexmeteorological, oceanographic andiceobservations. WorldWarIIinterruptedforalongtimethelarge-scalestudiesintheArctic. The'Sever'AHEswereresumedin1948, andorganizationofdriftingstationsin 1950. Todate, whilsttheRussianresearch'NP-33'stationdriftsinthevicinityofthe NorthPole, itcanbestatedthatourknowledgeoftheArcticOceanforthelast70 yearshasachievedaleveldi?eringlittlefromthelevelofknowledgeoftheother ! " ! # ! # ! # $%&'( ) * +, -, ) . / $%&01 $%&02 $%&01 $ %03 / 4%5 /%' $%&'' /%' $%&16 $%&1& $%&'( ) $%&10 ) ), 7 7 7 / 87 8 9 / 8 8:: 8 8; 7:: 8 * 8 ) 8 / 4 > * 4 4 B, * ! - C A 7 7 7 + + + + + + 7 4 - 7 4 - 7 7 - 7 7 - - 8 8 8: ! A !A A ! ! A !A !A 8: + - 7 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ + - 7 C C 7 7 C C 7 7 C C 7 C C - $ 7 C C 7 7 7 - C C C C @ @ @ 8;;