Diagnosis, Pathogenesis and Treatment of CNS Tumors

Central Nervous System (CNS) tumors remain among the most challenging conditions in modern medicine, because clinical decisions are often made under time pressure and uncertainty. Diagnosis and treatment planning increasingly depend on data spanning radiology, radiotracer imaging, intraoperative assessment, histopathology, cytogenomics, epigenetic profiling, circulating biomarkers, and longitudinal response evaluation. Meanwhile, the WHO-aligned shift toward molecular classification continues to reshape routine practice, requiring clinicians and laboratories to integrate complex datasets rigorously and feasibly. This Special Issue, "Diagnosis, Pathogenesis and Treatment of CNS Tumors", highlights current directions in integrated CNS tumor care and supports translation into real-world workflows. Contributions address advances in molecular profiling and structural variant detection, imaging and computational methods for segmentation and classification, intraoperative and tissue-based technologies that may improve surgical decision making, and emerging insights into invasion and tumor microenvironmental influences. The Special Issue also considers evolving therapies, including targeted and differentiation-based strategies, and how new evidence may inform patient stratification and management. Overall, this collection encourages a practical, multidisciplinary perspective in which molecular classification is interpreted alongside imaging phenotypes and biological drivers, improving diagnostic confidence and guiding treatment selection.