Waste water Treatment by Unconventional Adsorbent

This book addresses the critical challenge of removing fluoride from wastewater using sustainable and cost-effective treatment technologies. Through a comparative experimental approach, the research evaluates two primary methods: adsorption using natural clays and chemical coagulation-flocculation.The study identifies black clay as a highly efficient, eco-friendly adsorbent, achieving significant fluoride removal under optimized conditions. Detailed analysis through Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models provides insight into the monolayer adsorption mechanisms involved. Simultaneously, the work examines the performance of chemical coagulants such as ferric chloride, PACl, and aluminum sulfate, determining the precise pH and dosage levels required for maximum efficacy.By providing scalable solutions for both industrial and rural environments, this work serves as a practical guide for environmental engineers and researchers dedicated to advancing affordable water remediation and protecting public health from fluoride-related risks.