Safar Barlek: A Century on the Ottoman Crime in Al-Madinah Al- Munawwarah

Safar Barlek: A Century on the Ottoman Crime in Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah by Mohammad Al-Saed, translated by Dr. Amal Alaboud, is a powerful historical work that documents one of the most tragic and underrepresented episodes in Middle Eastern history-the forced mass displacement of the people of Al-Madinah during World War I under Ottoman rule.

Drawing on historical records, eyewitness testimonies, and documented accounts, this book offers a detailed exploration of the political, military, and social conditions that led to the infamous "Safar Barlek" (mass deportation). As described in the introduction, the narrative begins in 1915 when Ottoman forces under Fakhri Pasha entered Al-Madinah and imposed harsh military control, ultimately leading to the forced exile of thousands of civilians .

The book provides a comprehensive historical background, tracing the rise of the Ottoman Empire and its expansion into Arab lands, including the Hijaz region. It contextualizes the events within broader geopolitical dynamics such as the decline of the Ottoman state, the emergence of nationalist movements, and the onset of World War I.

A significant portion of the work is dedicated to the human dimension of the tragedy. Through vivid descriptions, the author recounts the suffering endured by the people of Al-Madinah-families torn apart, famine spreading across the city, and civilians forced onto trains heading toward exile in Syria, Turkey, and beyond. The narrative highlights extreme conditions, including starvation, displacement, and the breakdown of social structures.

In addition to documenting the Safar Barlek tragedy, the book also explores related historical events such as the Arab Revolt, the role of key figures like Fakhri Pasha and Jamal Pasha, and the broader consequences of Ottoman policies in the region. It further examines controversial topics such as wartime alliances and the transformation of the Islamic world during that period.

Written in a structured and research-driven style, this book serves as both a historical account and a critical analysis of a pivotal moment in Arab history. It is an essential read for anyone interested in Middle Eastern studies, World War I history, Ottoman history, and the socio-political transformations of the early 20th century.