Provincial civil service in the Democratic Republic of Congo

The Constitution of the Democratic Republic of the Congo of February 18, 2006, marking the start of the Third Republic, provides for provincial and local civil services and puts an end to the principle of a single civil service that characterized the first two republics. 18 years after its introduction, the country's provinces, including Equateur, Nord-Ubangi, Haut-Katanga and Lualaba, are presumed to have each created their own provincial and local civil service reporting to them. This research attests that of these 4 provinces, only Haut-Katanga has created its FPPL since 2012, and the latter operates regularly with all legal structures and instruments in place. Lualaba only has the FPPL Directorate, but it is still in the process of being set up. In Equateur and Nord-Ubangi, the FPPL has not been created. The reason given for this is the lack of adequate financial resources and political will, not to mention the failure to apply the policy of withholding at source the 40% of national revenues mobilized in the provinces. The practice of retrocession is unconstitutional.