Comparative Analysis of Port Management Practices

In the contemporary era of globalisation, the role of seaports has undergone a profound transformation. Traditionally, ports were viewed primarily as points of cargo loading and unloading, with limited focus on value creation beyond basic maritime services. However, with the expansion of global supply chains, containerization, and technological advancement, ports have evolved into complex logistics hubs. Modern ports integrate shipping, inland transportation, warehousing, customs clearance, digital platforms, and value-added logistics services. As a result, port management today encompasses not only infrastructure development but also strategic governance, operational efficiency, technological innovation, and stakeholder coordination.