Educational Intervention in Guidance and Counseling in Cameroon

The Ministry of Secondary Education of Cameroon has produced a reference guide for guidance counselors working in the educational services and schools under its jurisdiction. In exploring this document and approaching it from the perspective of academic and career guidance as an educational intervention, we noted that certain fundamental concepts-such as "personality," "personality disorders," "deviant behaviors," and "academic guidance"-were mentioned in the book without reference to a theoretical analytical model that could facilitate their understanding. For the purposes of this study, we have drawn upon three theorists: Erik Erikson in psychosociology with his model of the "stages of psychosocial development" of the individual, and two humanists, Abraham Maslow for his "hierarchy of needs theory" and Carl Rogers in his "person-centered approach." These approaches, which are proposed to the reader of the reference work, are neither prescriptive nor exclusive. Others, even more relevant, may also serve as a basis for analyzing the concepts outlined.