Radiology in Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics

Radiology plays a crucial role in conservative dentistry and endodontics by aiding in the diagnosis, treatment planning, and follow-up of dental diseases, particularly those involving the pulp and periapical tissues. Conventional imaging techniques such as intraoral periapical radiographs (IOPA), bitewing, and panoramic radiographs are widely used to detect caries, assess root canal anatomy, and evaluate periapical pathology, although they provide only two-dimensional views of three-dimensional structures. To overcome these limitations, advanced imaging modalities like cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) have become highly significant, offering three-dimensional visualization that improves the detection of complex canal morphology, root fractures, and early periapical lesions. Digital radiography has further enhanced efficiency by reducing radiation exposure and allowing image manipulation for better interpretation. Recent advances in the field include the integration of artificial intelligence for automated diagnosis, low-dose CBCT protocols to minimize radiation, and the emerging use of dental MRI for soft tissue evaluation without ionizing radiation.