Prikartika a Ayurvedic review with special reference to fissure in ano

Parikartika is a well-described condition in Ayurveda, characterized primarily by severe cutting or tearing pain in the anal region. The term "Parikartika" is derived from the Sanskrit word "Kartana," meaning cutting, which reflects the intense nature of pain experienced by the patient. It is commonly correlated with fissure-in-ano in modern medicine. According to Ayurvedic texts such as the Sushruta Samhita, Parikartika is considered a disorder predominantly caused by vitiation of Vata Dosha, often associated with Pitta. The aggravated Vata leads to dryness and hardness of stools, resulting in trauma to the anal canal during defecation. Pitta involvement contributes to inflammation, burning sensation, and occasional bleeding. The etiological factors (Nidana) include chronic constipation, intake of dry and spicy foods, suppression of natural urges, and irregular dietary habits. Clinically, Parikartika presents with symptoms such as severe pain during and after defecation, burning sensation, streaks of blood in stool, and sphincter spasm. Ayurveda emphasizes both preventive and curative approaches.