Pediatric Cancer

Pediatric cancer comprises a diverse group of malignancies occurring in infants, children and adolescents, with odontogenic tumors and non odontogenic lesions like leukemia, central nervous system tumors, lymphomas, neuroblastoma and Wilms' tumor being the most common types. Although relatively uncommon, childhood cancer remains a major cause of disease-related mortality among children. The etiology of pediatric cancer is multifactorial and includes hereditary influences, chromosomal abnormalities, environmental exposures, immune dysfunction, infections and alterations in cellular growth and differentiation. Advances in molecular biology and genetics have significantly improved the understanding of tumor behavior and disease progression. Diagnosis requires a thorough clinical assessment supported by laboratory investigations, imaging studies, histopathology and molecular diagnostic techniques. Early detection is essential for improving prognosis and survival outcomes. Treatment of pediatric cancer involves a multidisciplinary approach using chemotherapy, surgery, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, stem cell transplantation and supportive care measures.