Artificial Intelligence in Endodontics

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming modern dentistry and endodontics by improving diagnosis, treatment planning, and clinical efficiency. AI systems such as machine learning, deep learning, and artificial neural networks help analyse radiographs, detect periapical lesions, identify root fractures, evaluate root canal morphology, and determine working length with high accuracy. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are widely used for analysing CBCT and panoramic images, often producing results comparable to experienced clinicians. AI is also applied in prosthodontics, orthodontics, implantology, and restorative dentistry through CAD/CAM systems, digital impressions, and predictive treatment planning. Technologies like augmented reality, virtual reality, and clinical decision support systems further enhance dental education and patient care. Despite advantages such as improved efficiency, reduced workload, and accurate diagnosis, concerns regarding ethics, data privacy, and reliability remain. AI acts as a supportive tool that complements, rather than replaces, clinical expertise.