Panini Grammar: Understanding Guna Vowel Strengthening

In Sanskrit Grammar, for Verb Construction, an important process is गुणः Guna also known as vowel strengthening. This process has many complexities and intricacies involved, and needs to be thoroughly understood. This book hopes to make the Guna procedure crystal clear, through various examples and case studies.

7.3.84 सार्वधातुकार्धधातुकयोः । Guna happens to facing इक् vowel by Sarvadhatuka and Ardhadhatuka Affixes.

7.3.86 पुगन्तलघूपधस्य च । Guna happens to short penultimate इक् vowel of facing entity also.

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1.1.1 वृद्धिरादैच् । Vriddhi letters are आ, ऐ, औ ।

1.1.2 अदेङ् गुणः । Guna letters are अ ए ओ ।

1.1.3 इको गुणवृद्धी । Guna happens to इक् vowel.

1.1.5 क्ङिति च । Guna does not happen by ङित् कित् गित् Affixes.

1.1.6 दीधीवेवीटाम् । Guna does not happen to Roots दीधि वेवि, and Guna does not happen by इट् augment (which is an Ardhadhatuka).

1.1.51 उरण् रपरः । Upon Guna to ऋ ॠ / ऌ, the letters र् / ल् get added.

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1.2.4 सार्वधातुकमपित् । अपित् Sarvadhatuka Affixes behave as ङित् ।

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3.4.113 तिङ्शित्सार्वधातुकम् । All Ting Affixes and शित् Affixes = Affixes with श् Tag, are called Sarvadhatuka Affixes. Augment + Ting = Ting.

3.4.114 आर्धधातुकं शेषः । Rest are called Ardhadhatuka Affixes.

Guna Conditions

• Guna happens to final इक् = इ ई उ ऊ ऋ ॠ ऌ or
• Short penultimate इक् = इ उ ऋ ऌ

by पित् Sarvadhatuka Affixes, and

all Ardhadhatuka Affixes (unless specifically prohibited).

Contains

• Guna wrt 10 Tenses and Moods Ting Affixes
• Guna wrt Dhatu Gana 1c - 10c
• Guna wrt sample Roots

Lists the Dhatupatha, Alphabetical Index of Dhatus, and Maheshwar Sutras and Pratyaharas for in-depth understanding.