Beta-Lactams: Clinical Pharmacology, Rational Use, Safety, and Bacterial Resistance

Beta-Lactams provides an integrated and clinically oriented overview of the most important antibacterial agents that inhibit bacterial cell-wall synthesis.

Written in clear scientific language and organized for efficient study and consultation, this volume connects fundamental pharmacology with therapeutic decision-making. It covers mechanisms of action, antimicrobial spectrum, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, clinical indications, adverse reactions, drug interactions, contraindications, resistance mechanisms, safety monitoring, and principles of rational antimicrobial use.

The book examines the major beta-lactam classes, including penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, monobactams, and beta-lactamase inhibitors. Clinically relevant agents such as penicillin, amoxicillin, oxacillin, piperacillin, cefazolin, ceftriaxone, cefepime, ceftaroline, meropenem, ertapenem, aztreonam, clavulanate, tazobactam, avibactam, and other representative drugs are discussed within their therapeutic contexts.

Special attention is given to bacterial resistance, including beta-lactamase production, extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, AmpC enzymes, carbapenemases, altered penicillin-binding proteins, reduced permeability, and efflux mechanisms. The volume also addresses antimicrobial stewardship, susceptibility interpretation, therapeutic optimization, and the safe use of beta-lactams in patients with suspected or confirmed drug allergy.

Designed primarily for students and professionals in medicine, pharmacy, nursing, biomedical sciences, dentistry, and other health-related fields, this book can be used for academic study, clinical review, exam preparation, and professional updating.

Key topics include:

- mechanisms of action and bacterial cell-wall synthesis;
- penicillins and beta-lactamase-resistant agents;
- cephalosporins and their clinical generations;
- carbapenems and monobactams;
- beta-lactamase inhibitors and combination therapies;
- pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles;
- clinical indications and antimicrobial selection;
- adverse reactions, interactions, and contraindications;
- beta-lactam allergy and cross-reactivity;
- bacterial resistance and antimicrobial stewardship.