Grand Unified Theory II

It has been a long time to reconcile quantum physics and general relativity. To date, no globally accepted theory has been proposed to explain all physical observations save for the theory herein presented.

The current understanding of gravity is based on Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity, which incorporates his theory of special relativity and deeply modifies the understanding of concepts like time and space. Within GR, gravity has two possible interpretations: a field one and a geometric one. According to the latter, that has become the prevalent one, gravity is due to the curvature of the space - time "tissue", represented as a "rubber sheet", due to the presence of a mass. Nevertheless, this is a purely mathematical description telling nothing about the physical mechanism starting the motion. In fact, even supposing the existence, in the neighbouring of a source mass, of a curved four - dimensional manifold it doesn't explain why a second particle at rest should move towards the source mass. As such, it invites attempts at derivation from a more fundamental set of underlying assumptions as those given in this book.

Although general relativity is highly regarded for its elegance and accuracy, it has limitations: the gravitational singularities inside black holes, the ad hoc postulation of dark matter, as well as dark energy and its relation to the cosmological constant are among the current unsolved mysteries regarding gravity, all of which signal the collapse of the general theory of relativity at different scales and highlight the need for a gravitational theory that goes into the quantum realm. At distances close to the Planck length, like those near the center of a black hole, quantum fluctuations of spacetime are expected to play an important role. Quantum fluctuations are important because they contributed to the formation of galaxies. The fluctuations created slightly denser and less dense regions, and the denser regions had stronger gravitational fields. These gravitational fields pulled in matter from around them, clumping it together into gas clouds that eventually became galaxies. The imprint of these fluctuations can be seen in the cosmic microwave background radiation, the leftover radiation from the Big Bang.

The discrepancies between the predicted value for the vacuum energy and the observed values (which, depending on considerations, can be of 60 or 120 orders of magnitude) highlight the necessity for a quantum theory of gravity.

In this book we show that gravitation might be not a fundamental interaction but a byproduct of the electromagnetic interaction, precisely an electromagnetic phenomena induced by the presence of matter in the quantum vacuum (the quantum field that is present even in empty space). Which means that, matter is not just there but is in the quantum vacuum, and therefore interacts with it, causing some kind of quantum fluctuation energy, that fluctuation is gravitation. In simple terms, a body immersed in quantum fields will interact with them causing gravity to manifest.

In this work, we unify the quantum electrodynamic field theory and the Einstein gravitational field theory of general relativity into a single unified field theory of time, space and matter. The unification produces a fourth order curvature of space-time in which both the large bodies and subatomic particles play and interact. The proposed unified equation recovers the Einstein Field Equations, solves dark matter, dark energy and the cosmological constant problems. It also confirms the observed cosmological parameters by Planck collaborations in the LambdaCDM as this book directs.