Development of Diagnostic Procedures Using Features of Pupil Reactions

This monograph focuses on the development of diagnostic procedures for diseases related to retinal nerve conditions using features of waveforms of pupillary light reflex (PLR). Eye pupil reflection of light pulses is a well-known phenomenon, but the response mechanism is complicated. Some relationships of the features of chromatic light stimuli and activity of retinal ganglion cells influence the responses. As the features of pupil responses may represent the condition of nerve connections, these waveform shapes can detect symptoms of disease. The assistance of medical clinicians who have shared PLR data from patients of aged-macular degeneration (AMD) or patients with impaired cognitive function, as caused by Alzheimer's disease, for example, is gratefully acknowledged. The recorded temporal data of PLR waveforms were analyzed using multivariate analysis or data science techniques. As most participants were elderly or the number of measurements was insufficient, the signal processing required compensatory techniques. As a result, trials and re-analyses were carried out to better understand certain features. Although the best solutions have not yet been developed, the authors have decided to share the currently available procedures in this monograph and to solicit constructive suggestions for further improvement and development.