Green Heterogeneous Catalysis and Valorization Of Algerian Bentonite: Synthesis of Al-MCM-41 Mesopor

This book is the result of more than a decade of research driven by the conviction that Algerian science and natural resources possess significant untapped scientific and technological potential. Beginning in 2012, the research explored Maghnia bentonite, a natural clay abundant in the Tlemcen region, as a precursor for advanced mesoporous materials. Although this approach was initially considered unconventional compared to the use of costly imported reagents for MCM-41 synthesis, the outcomes validated the concept and led to international publications, researcher training, and the development of this reference work. The book emphasizes the strategic importance of Algeria's mineral wealth, particularly the bentonite deposits of Hammam Boughrara in Tlemcen, which are among the largest in the Mediterranean region. Despite their abundance, these resources are still largely exported in raw form with minimal local transformation. The research demonstrates how such clay can be converted into high-value mesoporous nanomaterials with catalytic and adsorption properties, highlighting the role of science in industrial development through the transformation of local raw materials into products useful for catalysis and water treatment. A central theme of the work is green chemistry and environmental responsibility. The synthesis of formamidine derivatives using recyclable bentonite-derived catalysts under solvent-free and room-temperature conditions achieved excellent yields while significantly reducing energy use and waste generation. In parallel, the application of MCM-41/bentonite as an adsorbent for wastewater treatment addresses serious environmental concerns in Algeria, particularly the treatment of industrial and textile effluents, offering sustainable and locally produced solutions for pollution control. Designed for researchers, academics, and engineers working in materials chemistry, catalysis, and environmental sciences, the book combines original scientific findings with critical analysis and practical guidance. Each chapter is based on published research with full references, ensuring transparency and reproducibility.